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Tabula Peutingeriana
The ''ラテン語:Tabula Peutingeriana'' (Latin for "The Peutinger Map"), also anglicized as Peutinger's Tabula and the Peutinger Table, is an illustrated ''ラテン語:itinerarium'' (road map) showing the ''cursus publicus'', the road network in the Roman Empire. It is kept at the Austrian National Library in Vienna. The original map upon which it is based probably dates to the 4th or 5th century and was itself based on a map prepared by Agrippa during the reign of the emperor Augustus. The present map is a 13th-century copy and covers Europe (without Spain or the British Isles), North Africa, and parts of Asia (the Middle East, Persia, India).
==Archetype==
The ''Tabula'' is thought to be the distant descendant of a map prepared under the direction of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, the friend and ally of Augustus. After Agrippa's death, that map was engraved on marble and placed in the ''Porticus Vipsania'', not far from the ''Ara Pacis''. That early imperial dating for the archetype of the map is also supported by Glen Bowersock, based on numerous details of Roman Arabia that look entirely anachronistic for a 4th-century map.〔G.W.Bowersock (1994), pp.169-170,175,177,178-179,181,182,184〕 Therefore, he also points to the map of Vipsanius Agrippa.〔G.W.Bowersock (1994), p.185〕 This chronology is also consistent with the presence on the ''Tabula'' of Pompeii, which was never rebuilt after the eruption of Vesuvius in AD 79.
The original map, of which this is a unique copy, was last revised in the fourth or early fifth century.〔Annalina Levi and Mario Levi, ''Itineraria picta: Contributo allo studio della Tabula Peutingeriana'' (Rome:Bretschneider) 1967.〕〔(History of cartography, Leo Bagrow, R. A. Skelton )〕 It shows the city of Constantinople, founded in 328, and the prominence of Ravenna, seat of the Western Empire from 402, suggested a fifth-century revision to the editors Levi and Levi.〔 The presence of certain cities of Germania Inferior that were destroyed in the mid-fifth century also provides a ''terminus ante quem''.
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